Underframe and truck assembly



1. M.- R-OHLHNm UNDERFRAME AND TRUCK ASSEMBLY.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 4| I9I5.

Patented Mar. s, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET l.

yfr: ven to r :IIIIL :JIIII J. M. ROHLFING..

UNDERFRAME AND TRUCK ASSEMBLY.

Patented Mar. s, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

:..v M 1 41 om E D D E L H N 0 ..H A c U P DI A .MPN

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lllllllllll @l @tr lillllll 1. M. ROHLHNG.

UNDERFRAME AND TRUCK ASSEMBLY.

APPLICATIONA FILED DEC. 4, i915.

In Uenor .jb/217. MHa/z mfg.

l. M. ROHLFING.

UNDERFRAMF. AND TRUCK `ASSEMBLY.

I AFPLlcATloN man DEc.4, 1915. 1,370,766.

Patented Mar. 8, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5 INVENTOR.

Jomv MRHLFWG UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN M. ROHLFKING, F ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN CAR AND FOUNDRY COMPANY, 0F ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

UNDERFRAME AND TRUCK ASSEMBLY.

To all w hom 'it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN M. lioHLriNG, residing at St. Louis, Missouri, and being a citizen of the United States, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in llnderirame i and Truck Assemblies, olf which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertainsl to make and to use'the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the preferred form of the invention, athough it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the exact details oi"- construction shown and described, as it is obvious that various modifications thereof -will occur to persons skilled in the art.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section thereoif taken on line 2 2 ot (i. y y

Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken through the body bolster on line 8 3v of Fig. 6.

Fig. i is a vertical section throughY one oi' the supports carried by one oi the supporting arms being taken on line Ll--i of Fig. 6.

Fig, 5 is affragmentary side elevational iew slimving the bolster in normal position and one ofthe supporting arms assembled with the side frame of; a truck.

Fig. 6 is a vertical transverse section taken longitudinall)v through the supportingariu and its associated parts.

Fig, 7 is a side elevational view of the sup ting arm and related parts.

8 is an inverted plan view of the link mechanism that connects the bolster and center driving plate with the spring plank and supporting arm removed.`

Fig. 9 is a' plan view oi a supporting arm showing the supporting rollers in position.

10 is a plan View oit the spring plank 3 guide and supporting arm seat.

Fig. 11 is a .transverse vertical .section taken longitudinally ot the spring plank and supriortinrr arm o1? a modified iorm ot` l ir` con struction.

Specication of Letters Patent.

`l atented Mar. 8, 19.21. Serial No. 65,039. i

Fig. 12 is a vertical section taken on line 12-12 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is another vertical section taken on line 13-13 of F ig. 11, and shows a modi fied form of support.

Fig. 14 is a side elevational'and part sectional view of the bolster supported at the inner ends of the supporting arms.

Fig. l5 is a vertical section through one oi.' the supporting arm-engaging castings and thespring plank being taken on line 15V-15 of Fig. 14, and

Fig. 16 is a' vertical section through the supporting arm and upper and lower supporting brackets being taken on line16-16 oi. Fig. 14.

In railroad ,fi'eighttraliie there are types of lading which can only be suitably trans-y ported in cars having unusually heavy construction, and it is a purpose of the present invention to provide construction giving to the car` in which it is embodied,y large carrying strength.

In cars yhaving such heavy construction, the center sills necessarily have a considerable depth and heretofore it has'been common to reduce the end portions of such cen ter sills so, as to produce what is known as fish-belly sills. It is a' purpose of this invention to permit the use of sills having the requisite depth. 'for the necessary strength which depth may be uniformly maintained throughout the length ot the sills even when they pass beyond the holsters and toward or t0 the car end sills. Not only may this uniformity ot the sillsr be maintained, but exceptional depth may be given to them inasmuch as it is only necessary to preserve a. sufficient amount of clearance beneath them and above the axles, and as the re maining dimensions of the sills will. be pro` portionate to the depth, `great strength may be present in such sills.

A decided advantage is obtained by preserving the uniformity of depth in the cen ter sills. due to the fact that the center line of any builing shock transmitted through the draft gear will continue approximately along the single center of gravity of the sill tromend to end thereof, and not as in the case oi fish-belly sills. through one center of gravity at the holsters and through another at the center ot a car, as is common in ordinary car construction ot center sills having reduced ends. The latter torni oit sill acquires additional stress under buflinginfiuences, due to the eccentricity or altitude ditt'erences in the locations of the plural centers of gravity.

Improved means for supporting a car body are provided, giving greater stability thereto without the loss ot' resiliency from the truck springs, and.v on account ol the ear body bearing at all times on points approximating the usual locations ot the side bearA ings of a car, there will not be the ai'ldit'ional shock at this point which would be present in the usual construction where there is side bearii'ig clearance. The reason tor this that in the older torni employing the side bearings` the car body tilts in an unre ted manner for an amount equal to the side bearing clearance. which means that the final blow at this point is 'increasedy and should it occur at a critical momentin rounding a curve. a derailnient is liable to take place.

Additional advantage is obtained through having the center sills pass over the axles with only a `very small clearance. in tha in case of any part ot the truck axles or s trames Jfailing, the car with the balance of the truck is prevented from falling any great distance, and so as to arose an iin- Inediate wreck, for the center sills would rest on the remaining axles and the pivot or bolster swing arms would support 'the broken side traine. Also, the truck. being locke'd to the body ot the car, will. in case the car tips over. not be dropped. troni said car-body, as trucks in ordinary constriuftion would be dropped.

On account of the relatively high position 'of the spring plank, ample room is nrovided in which to apply diagonal or ci. ar braces at lower points to the truck side trames to assist in holding the truck square. and the unusual height of the spring planif, provides more than the usual space above s. roadbed so that there is no possible inter terence with a load which has been dumped by a ballast car between the tracks and such roadbed.

Various other advantages and a considerable amount oi novel construction will appear hereinafter. and all parts ot the present invention.

Referring to Athe drawings. and particularly to Fig. 1, 1 indicates the center sills of the car undertrame `in the :Forni c coin-- mercially rolled I-bean1s suitably spaced apart, and which extend to the car end sills 2. shown in Fig. 2 to be channels. spaced inwardly from the end sill is a body hoh ster Il later referred tomorc in detail. it being understood that both ends ot they underframe are similar and between the holsters are cross-bearers 11. Side sills 4. which may be Z bars, connect the end sills, and intermediate sills 5 run longitudinally of the car and are positioned between the center sills and the side sills.

Intermediate sills are shown to be Ts ruiming preferably the entire distance between the end sills :2 and are connected to the cross-bearers 11 by short connection angles 6, and at the bolsters by other angles 7 which in progressing toward the end sill diverge to be joined to the connections between the end and side sills and the end and center sills torming strong braces 'for the end of the car. Draft gear plates S are secured. to the inner sui-'face of the webs ot the center sills at their end portions. to reccive and cooperate with draft gears (not shown) and a striking plate 9 is secured to and extends outwardly trom the end sill and the terminals ot the center sills.

The body bolster 3 passes through apertiires in the webs ot the center sills 1. having a box-like formation in its central portion. but acquiring a substantial Lshaped cross section as it extends toward the side sills 4. as clearly shown in Figs. 1 to 4t inclusive. the cross sect-ion ol" the I-shaned porl`oa diminishing as the body holster con,- tinues outwardly.

The outer ends of the body bolster' ai are secured to the bottom flanges of thc Z side sills by rivets, and the connection between the body bolster and thc side sills is made strong by the use of connection castings 12 conformed to the under and inner sides of sido sills 4 and the top et the bolster 3, suitable rivet connection between the connection castings 1Q and the side sills and bod)Y bolster being made.

Cross-bearers 11 are also connected with the side sillsy Vl with similar but schief-fluit narrower connection castings 13. The borders ot' the apertures in the Wehr-1y ot the center sills il. through which apertures the body holsters 3 extend. are reinforeed on opposite sides ot said web by a pivot casting 10 and a reinforcement casting 14, the 'former being conformed to the outer face ol. the web ot the center sills 1 and the lunderside of the top flange thereof. Beth these cast-- ings 10 and 14 are connected to the web ot the center sill by rivets and the pivot casting is provided with bracket arms 15, which extend outwardly to *ard the side, ot the car Alor a short distance. A hanger pin 1G is connected with said bracket arms l5 and holster El. the pin passing through the webs of said bolster an d thereby securing the cast 'ing 1() and center sill 1 in position on the holster. Vsaid pin being provided at one end with a head and being adapted to receive a iev 1.7 at its other end, to retain it in place.

Hung 'from hanger pin 16 are swingv links 19 supported from the links 18 on each side` of the center sills ass. In its central portion the center-driving plate is provided.

`with a cylindrically shaped socket 22 which is also centrally located between the center sills and the purpose of which will be later made clear.y

integrally connected with the sleeves 2l et' the center-driving` plate 2() and positioned above such sleeves are seats 23 adapted to support the inner end othinged supporting arms 24. which are adapted to turn on saidy seat as the truck encounters a curve.

To kprevent excessive swinging of the center-driving plate 2O and also to act as pivots 'for the inner ends of the supporting` arms 2.4,., pivot pins 2 are seated .in sockets in said supporting; arms and entend upwardly into other sockets in the body bolster 3. The outer ends of supporting arms 2l extend through the side frames 26 of the truck and at said outer ends areprovided with a swivel bearing;V 27 seated in a swivel bearing socket plate 28. Thelatter rests upon the web ot the spring' plank 29 and is provided with teats 3G `which project into said web, positioning' the swivel bearing,T socket plate 28. The end portions ot spring' plank 29 which lic under swivel bearing; socket plate 28 also rest upon the top et springs 30 mounted upon sill 3l or" the truck side frames 26. resiliently sustaining' the supporting arms 2.4i-, The supporting; arms 24- are provided with car body supports mounted in sockets 32 and 'comprise a plurality ot anti-friction devices arranged in ian-like 'formation in plan view. as shown in Fig. 9.

lllacln ot' the anti-friction devices comprehends a truste-conical roller 34 and smaller cylindrical rollers lat opposite ends thereoi. all of the rollers being` commonly mounted upon a pin 36. and the smaller rollers 235 bearing against seats in socket 32. the 'truste-conical roller let being yfreely revoluble. As there are a pair ot hinged support-y ing` arms 24 at each bolster. each containing one of the anti-friction car supports. itis evident that the car body is provided with :Four points ot support. These points olf support are intermediate the center and side sills in positions substantially corresponding to those usually occupied by car side bearings. Resting' directly upon the l'rustoconical rollers oi each anti-friction car body support. is a bearing.i 37 having a convex -upper surface seated in a concave socket in theV underside ot the body bolster 5l as shown in Fig` 6.

Referring to Fig. et, the said bearing 37 will be seen to have a width corresponding ksubstantially to the width ol the hinged supporting arms 24 and to have side Walls 38 Which are internally shouldered to receive the underside 01"' body bolster 3. lVhen the latter is in place, a bolt 39 passes through the side Walls 38 ot bearing 37 and also through an apertured bottom portion of the body bolster 3 securely connecting' the bearing' member 37 to the bottom ol the body bolster.

As may be noted in Fig. (l, the aperture ttor the bolt 39 is otl sufli'cient Width to allow such rocking movement ol bearing `member 37 as is necessary to adjust it to the friction rollers of the ear support.

The before-reerred-to spring plank 29 is shown as being a commercially rolled channel having its Web uppermost and its side flanges depending and with its ends projecting through a central opening in the truck side 'frame 26. As disclosed in F igs. 5, 6, 7 and lO, the swivel bearing socket plate 28 rests upon the upper surface of the web of the spring plank 29 and has portions eX- tending down over the vertical Jfaces of the flanges thereof. which dovvnturned p0rtions are formed to constitute guides 40 adapted to embrace the guide columns el oi'y the `truck side iframe 2G. Saidcentral ogeningr through Which the spring plank extends is enlarged in its upper portion to permit the insertion of `the ends of the spring` plank and the ojuidcs 4.-() and when the'sprinsr plank is lowered to its normal position, guides Ll() embracev each side ot said guide columns 4l. i

At the `center of the spring plank 29 is what I have termed a centei' lriven plate 42 Which is preferably cylindrical and telescopes Within cylindrical socket 22 oit what is herein referred to as the center-driving plate 20; the latter is sustained from sivinf links 18, in such manner that cylindrical socket 20 does not bear upon the centerdriven plate 4t2, but merely has swivelinpf and driving engagement therewith. The cylindrical socket 22 ol the center-driving plate 20 and the cylindrical portion ol vthey center-driven plate-l2 have a common axis which is .also the axis ol oscillation ot the. truck.r in this respect being' somewhat analogous to the usual center bearingr plates of a car. The usual truck bolster however is not present and the truck is drawn along by thetelescopic connection between the socket cylinder 22 of the center-driving plate 20 and the cylindrical portion ot center-driven plate 422 which is mounted upon the springpla-nk 29. Thus. ivben center sills 1 are under the influence oil. drafty stresses. as when vthe car is in transit.`the centerdriving plate 20 drives the center-driven plate` 42. and hence the truck that carries plate 42. Abutment castings 20, secured to the bottom fianges of center sills 1, position center-driving plate 20 and establish a rigid draft connection between the underframe and said driving plate.

As the radius between the pivot pin and the center of the swivel bearing 27 is less than the radius between the center of center-driven plate 42 and the center of swivel bearing socket plate 28, the swivel bearing 27 at the outer end of hinged supporting arms 24 is adapted to slide in said swivel bearing plate a compensating amount.

In Figs. 11, 12 and 13, a modified form of underframe and truck assembly is shown wherein the body bolster comprises a pair of spaced I-beams which pass through the center sills 1 and are connected to the `side sill of angle cross section. 44 by castings 45. At each bolster a pivot casting 46 is secured to the outer face of the web of each center sill 1, and serves as a connection between said body bolster Lbeams 43 and the center sills 1. The webs of the body bolster I-beams 43 are also connected t0 the center sills 1 by pressings 65 having web portions riveted to the webs of said center sills and being conformed to the outer faces and inclined portions of the top and bottom flanges of beams 43 to which I-beams they are also riveted. The Said pivot casting has flanges 47 riveted t-o the body bolster 43 and a web portion 48 riveted to the center-sill 1. With its underside substantially coincident with the underside of the body bolster I-beams 43 is a web 49 terminating in a bearing 50, and extending in the same direction from the bottom of vertical web 48 is another outwardly extending web 51 terminating in an open socket 52. Hinged supporting arm 24a is provided at its inner end with an integral sleeve 53 and a pin 54 extends through the upper bearing 50, sleeve 53 of the supporting arm 24 and down into socket 52 in the lower portion of the pivot casting, resting upon the bottom wall of said socket and forming the hinge for supporting arm 24a. As before, each supporting arm 24a extends to and through an opening in the truck side frame 26; said outer end of supporting arm 24a also extends through an outer Swivel casting 55 and is freely slidable therethrough. The underside of swivel casting 55 is concaved to form a socket into which projects the upper convex face of a swivel bearing casting 56. The latter is mounted upon the horizontally disposed web of the channelshaped spring plank 29 having teats 3() extending into apertures in said web. As in the previously described form, spring plank 29 is supported upon springs 30El seated upon the sill 31 of the truck side frame 26.

At the center of the spring plank 29 is located a center-driven plate 57 somewhat similar to center-driven plate 42 except that it has a closed upper surface. Telescoping over center-driven plate 57 is a center-driv' ing plate 58 which lies against the underside of center sills 1 and is secured by rivets 59 to the lower portion of the pivot casting adjacent and on opposite sides of the socket 52 thereof. Center-driving late 58 does not bear upon the center-driven plate 57 but has swiveling relation therewith, the centers of each of these plates being the center about which the truck as a whole swivels.

Intermediate the ends of each hinged supporting arm 24 is a car body support which comprises an upward extension 60, provided in its upper surface with a socket, in which rests a bearing block 61 and an upper bear j ing member attached to the body bolster I-beams 43. This upper bearing member comprises a spacer 62 extending between the body bolster I-beams 43, and having flanges 63 riveted to the inner faces of the webs of I-beams 43, and a bearing plate 64 having end portions conformed to the lower parts of the outer surface of I-beams 43, and the upper and bottom surfaces of the bottom flanges of said I-beams and contacting with the underside of spacer 62, said bearing plate 64 resting` directly upon bearing block 61.

As in the preferred form, the car body supports just described occupy positions substantially coincident with those usual for the location of car side bearings.

Another modification of the invention is illustrated in Figs. 14, 15 and 16, the body bolster connection comprising spaced I-beams 43, the principal difference being that the car body is supported from the inner ends of the hinged supporting arms 24h instead of upon supports for the car body located intermediate the ends of said arms.

The pivoting means for each supporting arm 24b in this instance comprises an upper casting 66 secured to the outer face of center sill 1, and a lower casting 67 attached to and connecting the bottom anges of the I-beams constituting the center sills. From the base plate 68 of the upper pivot casting a web extends outwardly terminating in a bearing 69. said web being suitably reinforced by a rib 70 on opposite sides thereof and running around the bottomy of bearing 69 which has a depending annular projection 71. The bottom pivot member 67 extends outside of the center sill 1 and is provided with a bearing 72 which is substantially equivalent to bearing 69 and is provided with an upper annular projection 73. Before lower pivot member 67 is secured in place centrally perforated sleeve 74 is fitted to surround the lower annular projection 71 of bearing 69, there being a socket in upwardly extending annular project-ion 73 :lits into a similar socket in the bottom of sleeve 74 of the hingedsupporting arm 24". A stout pin is inserted from below the bottom of the bolster and extends between heads 69 and 72 completing the pivotal or hinged connection between the swinging supporting arms 24b and the pivot members 66 and 67. The lower end of pin 75 rests upon a plate 76 secured tothe horizontally disposed web portion of spring plank 29, which spring plank extends to and through the truck side f frames as in the forms previously described.

The outer end ot each supporting arm 24" extends through the truck side frame 26 and has a swivel bearing 27 formed on its underside, which is received in a socket of a swivel bearing plate 28a secured to the outer end of the spring plank 29. Suiiieient clearance is lei't between the swivel bearing 27 and the inner walls of the socket ot swivel bearing plate 28a to allow the outer ends ot swing arms 2lb to slide within said socket.

Lower pivot member G7 has a central de pending center-driving plate 77 which fits within a centeiedriif'en plate 78 the relation of these center plates being the equivalent oi the center plates shown in the other forms and serving the same functions.

Body bolster I-beams 43 which extend through the center sills are connected to the latter by the upper pivot casting 6G and connection pressings 79 similar to connection pressings 65 shown in Fig. l2, and such center sills are maintained'separated by spacers 80 riveted to the webs of each center sill.

Thilo the principal invention is illus# trated as applied to a center sill. construction comprising spared rolled members, it is to be understood that it is equally applicable to any suitable type of undertrame as, for example, one of the mono-sill type.

lllhat I claim is:

i. In combination in car construction, trucks, car body supports thereon having supporting portions intermediate the interior truck sides adapted to move parallel with a roadbed and an underframe constantly resting on said supports.

2. In combination in car construction, trucks, undert'rame supports thereon, an undertrame and a swivel connection between said trucks and underframe affording no support 'for the latter, part of the swivel connection means having pivotal relation to said supports.

In combination in car construction, trucks, an underframe supported thereby and a plurality oi pivotal connections between each truck and said undert ame 'the former having a single axis of oscillation.

i. In combination in car construction, trucks haring spring planks, an underirame mounted on inwardly extending normally horizontally oscillatory members ot said trucksand a draft connection between said nnderframe and spring planks.

5. In combination in car construction, trucks, an underframe provided with center sills and pivotal connections between said 'underirame and trucks outside said center sills.

(3. In mmbination in car construction, an undertrame and trucks provided with oscillatory members pivotally connected with said underirame and adapted to supportthe same.

7. In combination in car construction, an under-trame, oscillatory members pivotally connected with said underframe and adapted to support the same'.

S. In combination in car construction, an iiiideiiiaine and trucks provided with members oscillatively and slidably mounted in the latte and pivotally connected with and adapted to support said underirame.

9. In a car truck, a resiliently mounted spring plank and rigidly reactive means for supporting a bolster from said spring plank.

l0. In combination in car construction, a truck having a resiliently supported spring plank mounted therein, an underirame, a swiveling undertrame-non-supporting connection between said undertrame and spring plank and underframe supports on said truck in other locations.

l1. In combination in car construction, an underframe having a center sill, pivot members having spaced upper and lower portions connected with said sill, trucks each provided with a spring plank and underlrame-supporting members pivotally mountedbetween said upper and lower pivot member portions and on said spring plank.

l2. In combination in car construction, an underframe having a center sill,fsupports secured thereto, trucks provided with spring planks and under-frame-sustaining members having swiveling connections with said supports and spring plank and adapted to slide at some of said connections.

13. In combination in car construction, an

' underframc, pivot supports connected therewith, a truck provided with side 'frames and a spring plank, and underframe-supporting members pivoted to said supports and having a swiveling connection with said spring plank and being slidable through said side frames. y

1.4;. In combination in car construction, an underframe, pivot supports connected therewith, a truck comprising` spaced side frames,-

a spring plank and a support therefor and undertrame-supporting members pivotally connected to said pivot supports and having a swivcling connection with said spring plank and heilig slidable through said side frames.

l5. In combination in ycar construction, an undertrame, pivot supports connected therellO with, a truck Comprising side fra-mes having guide columns, a movable spring plank engaging said columns and truck sliistained resilient spring plank supports and rinden frame-supporting members pivotally connet-ted to said pivot supports and engaging said spring plank.

16. In combination in car ctmstruction, ain underframe, a truck provided with a resiliently supported spring plank having a swiveling connection with said u11di-n;traiue and underfraIne-sumporting members having a pivotal connection with said uinlcr'frame and a swiveling and slidable connection with said spring plank.

17. In combination in car construction, an underframe, a truck comprising apertured side frames, a spring plank extending into the side frame apertures, bearing plates containing each a socket, and undert'rame supporting members having pivotal connection with said underframe' and swiveling and slidable connections with Athe sockets ot said bearing plates.

18. In combination in car construction, an underframe, a truck comprising side frames having spaced guide columns, a movable spring plank extending between said guides and bearing plates each having a socket portion lying on said spring plank and portions extending over the sides thereof forming guides adapted to engage said columnsy and underframe-supporting members pivotally connected to said 'underframe and ce operating with said bearing plate socket portions.

19. In combination in car construction, a body bolster, a truck, supporting arms baving swiveling connections with said truck and. body bolster and being provided with socketsI intermediate their ends, bearing devices in said sockets and bearing members connected with said body bolster continuously resting upon said bearing devices.

20. In combination in car construction, a body bolster, a truck, supporting arms having swiveling connections with said truck and body bolster and being vprovided with bearings intermediate their ends, and bear ing members connected with said body bolster and in continuous engagement with said first mentioned bearing.

21. In combination in car construction, a body bolster, a truck, supporting arms having pivotal connections with said bolster and swiveling and slidable connections with said truck, car body supports comprising bearing devices and bearing shoes connected to said bolster and in continuous engagement with said bearing devices.

22. In combination in car construction, an underframe comprising a center sill and body bolster, a truck, brackets secured to said sill, links depending from said brackets, a driving member pivotally connected with said links, supporting arms, swiveling con.- nections between the latter and said brackets and driving member and between said arms and said truck, a swiveling connection between said truck and driving member.

23. In combination in car construction, an underframe comprising a center sill and body bolster, a truck, brackets secured to said sill, links depending from said brackets, a driving member pivotally connected with said links, supporting arms, swiveling con nections between the latter and said brackets and driving member and between said arms and said truck, a swiveling connection between said truck and driving member, and car body supports between said bolster and supporting arms intermediate the ends of the latter.

24. In combination in car construction, an underframe comprising a center sill and body bolster, a truck having a spring plank, outwardly extending brackets secured to said sill, depending links pivoted thereto, a driving member provided with seats adjaH centits opposite ends pivotally connecting said links, supporting arms having swiveling connections with said seats and spring plank. a swiveliug connection between the latter and said driving member and coperating car body supports on said arms and bolster.

25. In combination in ear construction, an underframe comprising a center sill and body bolster', a truck, outwardly extending brackets secured to said sill, depending links pivoted thereto, a driving member provided with seats adjacent its opposite ends pivot ally connecting said links, supporting arms having swiveling connections with said seats, a swiveling connection between the truck and said driving member, cooperating car body supports on said aries and bolster, and pivotal pins connecting said supporting arms and bolster'.

26. In combination in car construction, an underframe comprising a center sill and body bolster, a truck, brackets secured to said sill, a driving member supported troni said brackets, supporting arms connected with said truck and driving member, pivot pins projecting into said supporting arms and body bolster, a swiveling connection between said truck and driving member, and cooperating car body supports on said arms and bolster.

27. In combination in car construction, an underframe, a body bolster therein, a bolsterless truck and swing arms cooperating with said truck and body bolster.

In combination in car construction, an underframe, a body bolster therein, a bolsterless truck, swing arms cooperating with said truck and body bolster and a swiveling driving connection between said underframc and truck.

llo

29. In combination in car construction, a body bolster and a swiveling bolsterless truck supporting said bolster and interlocked therewith against vertical separation intermediate the side structure and the center of swiveling of the truck.

30. In combination in car construction, a body bolster, a bolsterless truck having a plurality ot swiveling connections therewith and car body supports located away from said swiveling connections.

3l. In combination in car construction, a car body and a bolsterless truck swivelingly connected therewith and having side frames and truck-carried means intermediate the connection and truck side frames positioned away from the truck side trames and adapted to support the car body.

32. In combination in car construction, an underi'rame, a bolsterless truck having side frames, cushioning devices supported by said trames, a spring plank supported by said cushioning devices and a swiveling driving connection between said spring plank and under-frame.

33. In combination in ear construction, an undertrame, a bolsterless truck having sidel frames, cushioning devices supported by said frames, a spring plank, a non-underframe-supporting swiveling driving connection between said spring plank and undertrame and car body supports between said truck and undert'rame away from said swiveling connection.

34. In combination in car construction, a truck, an undertrame and means connecting said underframe and truck permitting the latter to swivel, said means having` portions interlocking with said undertrame and truck preventing the last two mentioned elements from separating from said means irrespective ot the position ot said underframe.

35. In combination in car construction, trucks, an underirame provided with center sills and pivotal connections between said underframe and trucks extending laterally of said center sills.

36. In a railway car, a truck, an undertrame positioned thereabove, interlocking and non-supporting swiveling center bearings one being connected to said truck and another to said undcr'trame, and other swiveling connections between said truck and underframe, one ot said center bearings form-- ing part thereof.

37. In combination in a railway car, a center sill and a plurality of laterally eri tending center sill supporting members pivotally connected with said center sill at locations removed trom the longitudinal vertical median plane ot the car.

38. In combination in a railway car, a bolster and a plurality of pivotally connected members extending longitudinally thereof and coperating therewith to serve as a sup port therefor, some ot' said members being mounted to move horizontally.

39. In a railway car, an underframe hav-- ing a center sill and a plurality ot trans versely extending swiveling supporting members therefor pivotally connected withy said undertrame intermediate'the center sill and the sides of said undertrame.

40. In combination in a railway car, an underframe, a truck, a cushioning device mounted thereon, a member supported by said cushioning device, and an undertranicsupporting member, having swiveling con nections with said member and undertraine.

lll. In combination in a railway car, an underframe, a truck having a side trame, a cushioning device mounted on said side trame, a member supported upon said cushioning` device, and an underirame-supporting member having swiveling connections with said member and underframe.

42. In combination in car construction, a truck comprising opposing side-trames, os cillatory supporting arms supported at said side trames, each extending toward an opposing side -frame and of less length than the distance between said frames, an inten mediate member pivotally connected to and coupling said oscillatory arms and car undertiame bearings mounted in said oscillatory arms intermediate the ends thereof, and a car under-trame supported thereby.

43. In combination in car construction, a

truck comprising opposing side -trames, os cillatory supporting arms projecting outwardly through said frames and inwardly toward an opposing side irame :tor a distance insuliicient `for the inner ends of said arms to reach each other, said supporting arms being yieldingly supported at said trames, an intermediate member coupling said .supporting arms and having swiveling relation therewith, and car underirame bean ings intermediate the ends ot said supporty ing arms and a car underframe supported thereby.

44;. In combination in car construction, a truck comprising opposing side trames, oscillatory supporting arms projecting outwardly into said ,trames and also inwardly therefrom, springs mounted to be supported by said side trames, and affording a resilient support tor the outer end portions of said arms which portions are adapted to swivel above said springs, an intermediate member coupling said supporting arms and having swiveling relation therewith, bearings for a car underitrame movable with said arms and a car underframe.

45. In combination in car construction, truck comprising side frames, inwardly eX- tending oscillatory supporting arms swivelingly mounted at said frames, a member coupling said supporting arms and provided il (l with a swivel member', another suitably supported and positioned swivel member adaptf ed to cooperate with the lirst mentioned swivel member to establish the truck axis of oscillation, car undertrame bearings mov able with said oscillatory arms and a ear underframe.

4G. In combination, truclt side having openings, and a ear body bo member extendingl into said openings and. being supported upon said trames.

47. In combination, truclr side trames, a car body bolster member directly supported upon said rau'ies., and separate bearing means movable both `with respect to the side trames and bolster member and supporting said bolster member, said last-named means being constructed and arranged to permit rotation oi. co-acting pairs ol trucl: trames to pivot about a center point intermediate said iframes.

4 8. In combination, truck side frames having apertures therethrough, and a car body bolster meniber having winged portions extending` through said apertures and carried b v said side trames.

49. In combination, truck side trenes having apertures therethrough` a ear body bolster member having Winged portions ere tending through said apertures and carried. by said side frames, and means to permit relative movement of said side Mtrames with respect to said Winged portions ot said bolster member.

50. In combination, truck side trames having apertures therethrougl'i, a car body bolster member having Winged portions eX- tending through said apertures and carried by said side frames, and means to permit relative movement of said side frames ivith respect to said Winged portions oi said bolster member, said means comprising bearing members.

51. In combination, truck side trames having apertures therethrough, spring members carried by said side frames, supporting plates movably mounted in said apertures upon said springs, and a body bolster member having portions thereof extending through said apertures and supported upon said plate members.

52. In combination, truck side `frames having apertures therethrough, spring members carried by said side trames, supporting plates movably mounted in said apertures upon said springs, a body bolster memberI having portions thereof extending through said apertures and .supported upon said plate members, and bearing members looated between said plate members and said bolster portion.

53. In combination, truck side frames, a body bolster member directly supported upon and carried by said side frames, and means connecting said side frames to limit 'trames lister the lateral movement ot, and receive the side thrust of, said bolsterl member.

bis. In combination, truer( side iframes havir'r apertures therethrough. and a body bolster having portions extending through said apertures and carried by said trames, said apertures and bolster portieri being so constructed and arranged as to permit neces- :"irv relative movement of said side ame nth respect to said bolster member.

In combination, Jruek side 'frames having :ugertures therethrough, and a body bolster member having depending arms, said arms being provided with projecting Wings, said Wings being inserted through said apertures in said side trames and carried by said side trames.

In combination, truck side trames having apertures tlieretlu'ough, and a body bolster member having depending arms, said arms being provided with projecting Wings, said Wings being inserted through said aper* tu res in said side frames and carried by said .eide frames, said bolster arms being located adjacent to, but slightly spaced from, said side frames to permit a slight relative movement with respect to the same.

5T. In combination, truck side trames having apertures therethrough, and a body bolster member havin depending arms, said arms being provided with projecting Wings, said wings being inserted through said apertures in said side frames and carried by said side iframes, said bolster arms being located adjacent to, but slightly spaced from said side Atrames to permit a slight relative movement with respect to the same, said Winged portions being constructed smaller than said side Jframe apertures to permit pivotal movement ot said truck trames with respect to said bolster member.

58. In, combination, truck side frames having apertures therethrough, spring members carried by said side frames, supportingr means movably mounted in said apertures upon said springs, and a body bolster member having portions thereof extending through said apertures and supported upon said means.

In combination, truck side frames having apertures therethrough, spring members carried by said side trames, supporting means movably mounted in saidv apertures upon said springs, a body bolster member having' portions thereoi'l extending through said. apertures and supported upon said means, and bearing members located be tween said means and said bolster portion.

(S0. A railway car body bolster having bi- Yturcated extremities, the lower portions of 'which are adapted to serve as supports for the rest ot the bolster structure and the upper portion of which is adapted to serve as a direct support for longitudinally extending car underframe members.

61. A railway car body bolster having bifurcated extremities, the lower portions of which are adapted to serve as supports for the rest of the bolster structure and its upper portion projects outwardly beyond said lower portions and is adapted to serve as a direct support for longitudinally extending car underframe member.

62. A railway car body bolster having bifurcated extremities, the lower portions oi' which are adapted toy serve as supports ior the rest of the bolster structure and its upper portion is adapted to serve as a support for longitudinally extending car underframe members, some of which are in the plane of said upper portion.

63. In combination in a car structure, a bifurcated body bolster having downwardly and outwardly extending lower portions spaced apart and a continuous upper portion and a center sill intersecting said upper portion intermediate said lower portions.

64. In combination in a car structure, a bifurcated body bolster having downwardly and outwardly extending lower portions spaced apart and a continuous upper portion and a center sill connected directly to said upper portion intermediate said lower portions.

65. In a car construction, a center sill, a bifurcated body bolster comprising an upper sill supporting part and lower portions extending outwardly from said sill and being adapted to rest upon a. truck frame.

66. In a car construction, a bifurcated body bolster comprising a lower portion adaptedfto rest on a truck side frame and serve as supporting means and an upper portion, and a center sill extending in the plane of and being connected with said upper portion.

67. In a car construction, bifurcated body bolsters each comprising a rigid upper portion and having lower portions adapted to rest upon a truck side frame and a center sill in the plane of said upper portions, connecting said upper portions and being connected therewith.

68, A body bolster having bifurcated extremities, the lower portions of which are pivoted and adapted to serve as supports for the rest of the bolster structure and having an upper portion which is adapted to serve as a direct support for longitudinally extending car underi'rame members which are of a depth greater than that of said upper portion.

69. A body bolster having bifurcatedextremities, the lower portions of which are adapted to serve as supports for the rest of the bolster structure and in which its upper part projects outwardly beyond said lower extremities and is adapted to serve as a direct support for longitudinally extending car underframe members.

70. A body bolster having bifurcated extremities, the lower portions of which are adapted to serve as supports for the rest of the bolster structure and having an upper member which extends beyond the ends of said lower ortions.

7l. In combination in a car underframe structure, a pair of bifurcated body bolsters having downwardly and outwardly extending lower portions spaced apart and upper portions, a center sill deeper than said upper portions extending beyond said bolsters at each end of said car underframe` 72. In combination in a car underframe structure, a bifurcated body bolster having downwardly and outwardly extending lower portions spaced apart and an upper portion and a center sill in the plane of and being connected directly to said upper portion intermediate said lower portions.

7 3. In a car construction, a center sill, a bifurcated body bolster comprising an upper sill supporting part and lower portions eX- tending outwardly from and pivotally connected with said upper part to serve as supports therefor.

7 4. In a car construction, bifurcated body holsters comprising a rigid upper portion and spaced and pivoted supporting portions adapted to rest upon a truck side frame, and a center sill in the plane of said upper portion and being connected thereto.

75. In combination, truck side frames, a bifurcated body bolster directly ,supported upon and carried by said side frames, and means to limit the lateral movement of, and receive the side thrust of, said bolster.

76. In combination, truck side frames, a body bolster directly supported upon and carried by said side frames, and means connecting said side frames and bolster to limit the lateral movement of, and receive the side thrust of, said bolster.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

J OI-IN M. ROI-ILFING.

Witnesses:

OSCAR HOCHBERG, JAMES J. COOPER. 

